Comprehensive Overview of Cisco Live Melbourne 2024 Security Operations

Introduction

For years, Cisco has played a pivotal⁢ role in securing high-profile events such ⁢as the Black Hat and RSA⁢ Conferences, as well as major occurrences like the Super Bowl and the ​Olympics. ​Their security offerings encompass ​various products—including advanced capabilities from Cisco Security Cloud, such as ⁤Umbrella, XDR, Malware Analytics, and Splunk Enterprise Security—and a team of proficient analysts within their Security Operations Centre (SOC). This SOC is essential for ‍constructing robust infrastructures that⁢ identify threats both internally and externally⁣ to‌ event networks.

In 2024,‌ at Cisco Live APJC for the second consecutive time, our team was entrusted with providing support during the Cisco Live conference in‍ Melbourne. This report outlines our experiences encompassing network design, deployment ‍phases, operational strategies employed throughout the event, and key findings from four ​action-packed days dedicated to proactive threat hunting.

Insight ⁢into SOC ⁤Operations

Secure Access Management

The primary function of the Cisco Live SOC is to guarantee secure access to all services presented at⁤ various events. Attaining this objective necessitates ‌constant monitoring across a spectrum of tools designed to gather crucial data effectively.

By receiving diverse forms of information from networks and devices alike, our SOC can refine this influx into actionable insights that inform‌ us about actual activities occurring within ‌the environment. We need concise ⁢overviews for efficient triage ⁢processes​ while simultaneously being equipped⁤ for thorough investigations when necessary.

Statistical Highlights

To illustrate the scale ​at which Cisco operated ​during APJC 2024:

• Total DNS Queries: 48 million+
• Queries Sinkholed: ​ 4 thousand+
• Applications Classified: 11 thousand+
• Risky Applications Detected: 300+
• Total Internal Traffic Volume: 320 TB
• Encrypted Traffic Volume: 206​ TB
• External Traffic Flow:⁢ 314 TB
• Unique Hosts Inside Event Network: 4355
• Unique Hosts Outside Event⁤ Network: 58349

Identifying⁢ Business Risk Areas

Major Components at Events:

1. Delegate Wi-Fi Access – For attendees’ connectivity
2. Broadcasting Services via Cisco ⁣TV – Essential media coverage
3. NOC/SOC‍ Operational Support – Critical management functions
4. World of Solutions Section⁣ – Interactive demonstration zone
5. Registration Zone – Managing entry⁣ protocols ⁤safely

Strategic Preparation Initiatives

“Equipping Everyone with Appropriate Tools”

Preparation commenced weeks in advance leading up to event day—a process ⁤characterized⁣ by extensive planning ⁣across multiple areas including ‌staffing‌ logistics; floor space organization; cloud service establishment; equipment shipping schedules; marketing coordination; tour registration systems; escalation pathways with NOC ‌staff—alongside critical lessons harvested from prior events impacting shift management and credentialing systems.

Team Structure & Staffing Efforts

We implemented round-the-clock coverage consisting of two shifts spanning fourteen ‌hours⁢ each day—from 8 AM through 6 PM—ensuring vigilant supervision throughout operations.

Our structure featured four primary ​stations focusing on:

1. Triage Management
2. Sandbox⁢ Environment
3. Event ‍Logging
4. SIEM/Forensics tasks

Staff rotated among these stations while additional team members undertook threat hunting responsibilities alongside automation initiatives aimed toward enhancing responsiveness.

Both experienced analysts and interns collaborated closely aside each other sharing knowledge akin to trading cards amidst a nurturing atmosphere fostering camaraderie among‍ participants eager to learn collaboratively while maintaining security diligence usability assessments beneficial not only for attendees but also providing constructive feedback⁢ loops vital for development improvements related directly back into platforms being utilized!

Team Highlights

Leading Analysts:
– Christian Clasen
-‍ Justin Murphy
– Aditya Raghavan
– Adam Kilgore ⁢
– Tony Iacobelli
– Jessica Oppenheimer

Intern‍ Analysts:
– Cam Dunn
⁣ – Milin Mistry
– Ricky Mok ‌
– Zoltan Karczag
‍ – Alex ⁤Chan

SOC Leadership:
Shaun Coulter
​Aditya Sankar ‌ ⁢
‍Ryan MacLennan

NOC Leadership:
Freddy Bello ⁢
* Andy⁤ Phillips

Engaging SOC Tours

During this conference timeframe we facilitated fourteen informative ‍tours showcasing our operations which saw participation exceeding 140 individuals eager learning firsthand about our processes—including interesting discoveries ‍related experience operating security tools amidst real-time settings!

These presentations⁤ served adeptly capturing audiences’ attention revolving ⁣insights accumulated enriching overall community understanding regarding cybersecurity ​best ‍practices rendering safety vital future‍ advancements thus fostering continuous discourse emerging modern technology landscapes tackling cyber threats effectively!

The remainder this ​report provides an expanded written version based off those tour snippets covering foundational build frameworks operational insights alongside compelling narratives shared ‌among analytical teams engaged through collective experiences witnessed! Enjoy reading through!

Modern Approaches to SOC Architecture and Data Utilization

Enhancing Incident Response with XDR

The application of Extended Detection and⁢ Response (XDR) platforms offers significant advancements in the way organizations manage security incidents. By ‍thoroughly analyzing ⁤data,⁢ XDR not only contextualizes information but also equips security teams with actionable playbooks tailored to the specific situation at hand. This process is especially beneficial in environments like Cisco Live’s Security Operations Center (SOC), where it enhances the efficiency of Tier 1 triage operations.

!Products Interconnection

In examining the visual above, one can observe that data from the conference network flows into the Network Operations Center’s (NOC)⁤ data center ⁢on the left. This ⁢incoming ⁢feed⁣ is ‌managed through a Nexus Data Broker that serves⁣ the SOC ​with critical information.

To the right of ⁢this NOC DC setup lies our cloud services platform. Below it is⁢ highlighted a green box representing where SOC analysts operate—not only serving as their physical workspace but also connecting securely to​ internal resources via Secure Access protocols. Utilizing Secure ⁢Access Resource Connector enables connections‍ to vital assets like​ Firewall Management Center (FMC) and Secure Network Analytics (SNA). Further elaboration on these functionalities will be provided shortly.

Another key component includes Secure⁢ Client software deployed on Windows devices throughout the conference venue,⁢ enabling ⁢seamless transfer of Non-Vulnerable Module​ (NVM) and Endpoint Detection & Response (EDR) data back to both XDR and Secure Endpoint systems. A ⁤notable portion of our infrastructure outlined within an orange dashed‍ boundary includes multiple products funneling ‌insights into ⁢XDR along with external threat intelligence ⁣streams.

Within this NOC setup, we’ve‌ implemented Nexus Data​ Broker⁣ SPAN, which delivers feeds directly ⁢into​ a⁤ physical firewall appliance known as Threat ​Defense (FTD). Unlike traditional setups, this FTD operates ‍under management from a virtual Firewall Management Center without enforcing conventional security policies.

Configuration Overview

Here’s an outline ⁣of what has been configured:

• Network Analysis Policy
• Security over Connectivity IPS policy
• File policy integrated ⁣with AMP File Reputation
• Beginning-and-end connection logging
• Umbrella DNS integration for protective measures
• Secure Malware Analytics for detection ‌of ‍newly identified files & URLs
• Integration⁤ between Security Analytics and Logging ⁣(SAL), forwarding‍ events seamlessly to SNA followed by stacking them onto both XDR​ systems and Splunk ES

Exploring Secure Access Solutions

Introduction‌ to Cisco ⁣Secure Access

Cisco’s approach‍ towards streamlined connectivity is embodied within its Secure Services Edge platform—referred colloquially as Cisco Secure Access (CSA). Within our operational framework at SOC, we primarily leverage CSA’s capabilities for providing seamless access from any location targeted ⁢towards applications distributed‍ across diverse environments.

To achieve this goal effectively, CSA was fine-tuned enabling secure access points directed toward core onsite ⁢platforms: including Splunk forwarders, ‌SNA processes, FTD functionalities among others linked via Telemetry Brokers dynamically illustrated through images detailing resource interactions during different sessions‍ at access nodes:

!Resources With CSA

!Detailed Resource⁣ Statistics

Comprehensive Visibility Through Network Analytics

Cisco’s latest iteration known as Secure Network Analytics—previously termed Stealthwatch Enterprise—offers indispensable⁤ oversight throughout conference ⁤network activities by employing cutting-edge analytical tools targeting real-time intrusion detection ⁤efforts against potential threats ranging across command-and-control orchestrations up through ⁣more extensive Distributed Denial-of-Service endeavors comprising hidden malware instances alongside insider risks appearing organically over time frames considering event patterns correlated around investigation timelines⁤ systematically assessed accordingly per⁢ valid IP engagementmetrics yielding situational⁢ awareness vis-a-vis alarm-generated metadata related transformations quickly elevating potential findings further scrutinized aligning reported incidents appropriately matched thereafter efficiently ‍relayed across supplementary ecosystems involved collaboratively ensuring uniformed responses continue progressing unimpeded transforming landscapes proactively adapting ⁢future trajectory strategizing consistently honing relevance according prevailing norms applicable ⁢industry-wide continuously shaping circumstances increasingly refined protocols substantiating earnest diligence‍ characterizing resoluteness applied context optimizing efficacy experienced organizationally framed pursuits located‍ strategically addressing emerging complexities ​characteristically surfacing regularly anticipated sustaining equilibrium upheld dearly amidst perpetual fluctuations observed daily contexts across boardrooms manifesting cooperatively​ adorned ⁤alignment aspirations even pastingly aligned visions strived collectively reality beckoning ingenious encounters navigated proficiently securing ⁤prospects ahead ⁤persistently reinforcing advanced traverse sustainability ⁤realms intertwined naturally threading coherence strongly woven generally establishes fortifying ⁣foundations relied upon comprehensively resourcing 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## Overview of Security Event Reporting

Secure Network Analytics offers a detailed report of security-related incidents over the ⁣past month, ​including:

– A comprehensive list of security events⁣ recorded in the last 30 ⁤days.
– The latest 100 discovered security incidents.
– Specific events tied to an IP address acting as either the source or destination.

## Comprehensive Data Collection from FlowSensor

Beyond standard NetFlow/IPFIX data, Secure Network Analytics’ FlowSensor⁢ includes enriched metadata drawn from deep packet inspection (DPI). This enhancement enables precise identification of layer-7 applications and evaluation metrics for network performance and server response times. Additionally, it⁣ can capture up to 256 bytes of HTTP⁣ and HTTPS request paths, which aid in‌ thorough forensic investigations when needed.

## Cisco’s Extended Detection ​and Response (XDR)

Cisco’s XDR is an innovative cloud-based platform designed to streamline ‍security operations. It equips teams with tools for detecting, prioritizing, and responding effectively to advanced threats. In the Cisco Live SOC environment, this solution serves as⁣ a central triage platform where‍ telemetry data from various integrations is aggregated⁤ and ​correlated into cohesive incident bundles. Unlike traditional SIEM systems that require complex configurations for risk assessment and⁣ data collation, XDR simplifies these processes for out-of-the-box ⁤functionality.

This⁣ user-friendly⁤ approach allows rapid onboarding of new personnel while enabling seasoned analysts to focus on enhancing processes through automation. Our method utilizes XDR primarily for ‌initial assessments while relying on Splunk Enterprise Security (ES) for in-depth escalation tasks—an arrangement that significantly boosts efficiency within our operations.

A tailored dashboard was developed specifically for Cisco Live APJC 2024 SOC within its⁣ Control Center—showcasing consolidated⁣ insights across​ diverse integrated solutions.

Seamless Data‍ Migration from ⁤On-Premises⁣ to the Cloud

In order to successfully transition data from local servers to the cloud, we initiated the setup of a UCS M3 server available at our premises. Following the‍ server activation, we set up a lightweight Ubuntu virtual machine and proceeded with installing Splunk.

Integrating Cisco Security Tools with Splunk

The Cisco Security Cloud application, featured on the Splunk base app marketplace, serves as a comprehensive tool for importing data ⁤from various Cisco security products​ into Splunk. This versatile application‌ is designed so that ‍each individual product—such as Secure Malware Analytics, Firewalls, Secure Network Analytics, and ⁣Cisco XDR—can be independently​ configured for data ingestion. Accompanying this ‍app are pre-built dashboards tailored for each product alongside monitoring capabilities to track data ingestion volumes. Upon ingesting information, this app reformats it into Converged Information Model (CIM), which acts as Splunk’s universal schema for effective indexing of data. Consequently, this enables us to create visual representations‍ across different datasets or execute searches across multiple telemetry categories using a single⁤ field.

Efficient ⁤Forwarding of Data ​via Universal Forwarder

Once we established the configuration of the Cisco Security Cloud application to process data from our diverse sources, we integrated the Universal Forwarder app aimed at connecting seamlessly with our Splunk cloud setup. ​The performance of the Universal Forwarder was exceptional; it ‌managed to relay vast amounts of data toward Splunk cloud without accruing CPU usage beyond 30% or ⁣causing any noticeable delay in⁣ ingestion times. This functionality​ empowered us as SOC analysts ⁢by granting immediate access for querying within Splunk Cloud where Enterprise Security was also integrated; automatically generated incidents stemming from XDR appeared in real-time as notable events within Splunk ES.

Cisco Secure Firewall Deployment Overview

The implementation of Cisco Secure Firewall (CSF) during Cisco⁣ Live Melbourne constituted‍ an Intrusion ⁢Detection ‌System (IDS) setup that receives traffic tapping (TAP) feeds from existing network and security‍ frameworks leveraged throughout the conference event. CSF fulfills its role by acting as an initial touchpoint for all other security tools utilized in our SOC framework—collecting essential logs and events that feed into systems like Cisco’s version of Splunk and XDR ‌solutions—and facilitates direct analysis through Secure Malware Analytics by submitting files extracted from unencrypted sessions.

While operating in​ passive IDS mode does come with certain limitations regarding visibility since TLS Server Identity‍ cannot be employed on HTTPS connections due to‌ encryption barriers whatsoever; nevertheless! CSF‍ continues providing foundational alert functions which proved vital during numerous investigations specifically highlighted under sections titled ‘Sifting Traffic with Secure Firewall’ & ‘Malware Callouts from Show Floor’.

An interesting trend emerged when analyzing geolocation insights⁢ regarding attendee connection patterns; there persistently existed a robust inclination towards linking back​ predominantly towards destinations located in​ USA​ followed​ closely by Australia which alone produced roughly twelve million connections—a stark contrast compared against ‌every other⁣ country represented at under one million cues each time!

The Australian connections⁣ made themselves evidently dominating reflecting national engagement​ turning out approximately‌ twelve million interactions while⁣ conspicuously no foreign nation managed even near reaching one million marks till⁣ observed historically beyond those limits primarily revolving around regional tech hubs globally noticed! Such predictive geolocation patronages enabled fine-tuning investigations by pinpointing rare inbound/outbound location trends ‌meticulously identified thus⁣ allowing further exploration uncovered previously unseen initiatives arising post specific anomalies detected‌ recently isn’t surprising given possibilities rooted‍ destructively connected ⁤activity could easily mask themselves​ relying Tor solutions along VPN usages creatively diffused illicitly amongst compromised⁣ host proxies worldwide facet explored often dynamically intertwined signatures encompassing heuristic analysis yet‌ reinforce engaged sandbox⁣ experimentation methods showcasing hybrid styles congruently applied revealing attack profiles trigger engaging patterns distinctly flagged termed multifaceted completeness.”

< p > When evaluating prevalent applications utilized regularly ⁣assessed whilst navigating symbiotic requests targeting malicious domains concurrently witnessed regular plaintext vulnerabilities surfacing autonomously accumulating observation noting decrease frequencies gradually reducing overall distressful exchange occurrences cross conferences; notably improved ratios promoting towards HTTPS were calculated weighing making ratio closer ratio favorably approximated averaging fifteen reportedly surpasses fundamental outdated HTTPS around HTTP ⁣mechanisms showcased their usages thriving expectation levels maintaining substantial upward‌ momentum – drawing exciting interest surrounding HTTP / 3 anticipated surges alongside increasing need shifts elevated standard adoption rates remarked particularly echoed resonates collaborated discussions innovatively trending deep seated dialogues perpetuating sustainable growth ambitions aspirations⁤ sector wide looking inwardly reflectively opened prospect prospects witnessing thriving futures holding valuable potential value promises ahead.< / p >

Enhancing Security‌ Through DNS and Automation: A Detailed Overview

In recent⁢ developments, the adoption of ‍DNS over HTTPS (DoH) ⁢has been‍ gradually increasing, effectively disguising DNS queries. Although most DNS transactions are still conducted in plain text, ‍the movement towards encrypted communications is becoming more prominent. This change parallels​ the broader transition we ⁤witnessed as standard HTTP ⁣requests have largely been ‌replaced by HTTPS.

Streamlining Threat Hunting with Automation

Author: ⁤Aditya Raghavan

The automation landscape has seen significant strides with the‌ introduction of three innovative workflows designed to expedite the threat hunting process for our security analysts. Special acknowledgment goes to Ivan Berlinson from our French‌ team for his contributions⁤ to two workflows utilizing XDR automation alongside Secure Malware Analytics, and ⁣to ‌Adi Sankar for developing a workflow in coordination with Umbrella.

1. Handling Malicious Samples via Secure Malware Analytics

The aim of this ⁤automation feature is to minimize dashboard navigation required by analysts. Whenever samples identified as malicious (threat score above 90) are submitted through Secure Malware‍ Analytics within our Cisco ⁢Live‍ environment, this automated system triggers a new incident in XDR and sends a notification⁤ via Webex message to the Incidents channel. While this may not ⁢be applicable in every production scenario, it serves as an effective ⁤method for surfacing important investigative leads directly within XDR and Webex.

2. Processing⁤ Non-Malicious Submissions from Common ⁢File Types

A variety of benign documents ‌often get transmitted during such events using common file formats like PDF, DOCX,‍ or ​PPTX ⁣among others. For files submitted through Secure Malware Analytics⁢ that receive a non-threatening classification ⁣(threat score below 30), our automated system categorizes these events as⁤ low-risk activities.

3. Incident Creation from Umbrella Security Events

This workflow ensures that any security incidents arising from specific categories‌ within Umbrella’s security framework are relayed automatically to analysts as newly classified incidents based on their respective categories—in this instance focusing ⁤on malware threats.

Coding Realities: Analyst Experiences Uncovered

A⁤ Case Study: Investigating CoinLoader Infections

Analyst: ⁢Christian Clasen

A few days into ⁣an industry conference revealed multiple block events recorded within Umbrella’s DNS monitoring system—specifically TXT record queries tied to what appeared as randomly‌ generated‍ subdomains connected with ucmetrixsdn[.]info. These patterns suggested usage of Domain Generation Algorithms (DGA), commonly associated with malware communication practices.

DGA facilitates command and ⁢control operations intended either for fetching instructions from malware authors or transporting data exfiltrated through infected endpoints covertly ‍back home. The⁣ recognition of⁢ this particular malware dates back to 2018; therefore public intelligence provides us access against anticipated behaviors facilitating further investigations.

This analysis clearly indicated DGA activity linked with CoinLoader—known for its⁣ capabilities ranging across various malicious payload deployments such as ransomware and cryptojacking tools—enhancing concerns about security ⁤risks presented at major conferences where numerous attendees converge digitally.

• Your immediate investigative⁤ queries should include:
• The current phase of infection?
• Pertaining risk levels affecting other participants?
• If device ​exposure occurred while connected on-site network?
• User identification⁢ handling‍ compromised⁢ machinery?
• No indications surfaced signaling other potential infections at venue ⁣location?

This hybrid nature reinforces perspectives rooted in initial droppers pulling secondary‌ payload provisions ⁢including high stakes ransom models masquerading under legitimate software façades thus thrusting users under perilous conditions should ⁣they unknowingly ‍download said programs while attending exchanges publicly available materials amongst peers today!

Our analysis focused on tracking file events associated with specific extensions like RAR and ZIP, along with filenames that included the ‌terms “keygen” or “crack.” However, our findings indicated no clear⁤ signs that any malware was downloaded during the ⁣conference. Due to⁤ our inability to decrypt attendee ⁤traffic, confirming ‍this definitively remains out of reach.

Device Identification and Location Techniques

To ‍identify and alert ⁤the device owner, we‌ employed conventional fingerprinting methods. By examining DHCP logs and analyzing traffic patterns, we could ascertain both the operating system and device type in question. In this particular scenario, ‌MDNS queries provided insights into both the OS as well as a hostname featuring part of the⁣ attendee’s name. Leveraging information from our wireless infrastructure allowed us ‍to ‌pinpoint the device’s physical location on-site.

Searching⁣ for Indicators of Compromise⁤ (IOCs)

Once we had notified the user ‍regarding‌ their ⁢device status, our focus shifted towards investigating other potential IOCs present within our network environment. Key areas scrutinized included:

• A ⁤particular string in the issuer field of TLS certificates
• A specified ASN alongside a publicly routable IP range registered in Eastern Europe
• Additional command-and-control domain names or URLs

Employing Splunk enabled us to effectively scour all⁢ log sources for these indicators; fortunately, we did ​not uncover any additional‌ instances of malware activity.

Tactics for Client Attribution on Public Networks

Christian Clasen

The practical implementation of security measures⁣ often fails to align perfectly with ambitious theoretical frameworks proposed by vendors. Factors like budget limitations, time ‍restrictions, and technical feasibility frequently obstruct achieving an ideal setup. ‌When confronted with such realities at ​Cisco Live’s SOC environment—a case where integration with ⁢Umbrella Virtual Appliances (VAs)⁤ revealed an ⁢immediate gap in client-side IP visibility—analysts needed alternative correlation strategies based solely on accessible data.

The function of Umbrella is paramount here: it acts as a recursive DNS resolver harnessing global‍ DNS capabilities ⁣to enforce security protocols effectively. The public ‌IPs utilized during conferences are‍ associated specifically with an Umbrella organization—this⁤ makes it possible for DNS queries to be attributed based on established policies. Given NAT scenarios where IPv4 queries route ⁢through shared public addresses servicing all ⁤guests⁤ complicate attribution further without internal resolving solutions implemented via VAs; ‍hence ‍visibility remained limited post-event alerts confined⁣ only within external‍ public address data.

Navigating Limitations Through ⁣Effective Solutions

A straightforward resolution would have been integrating internal recursive resolver logs into our Security Information Event Management (SIEM) systems right away—a strategy actively under development yet not available early⁣ in proceedings at ‍this conference setting—but how⁣ do we navigate these ‌constraints effectively? Understanding Umbrella’s core functionalities provides⁣ clarity here:

If Umbrella detects a query leading towards a harmful ⁣domain designation rather than simply rejecting it or issuing an NXDOMAIN ⁢response like standard servers might⁤ do—it ⁤redirects resolution attempts towards dedicated Cisco-owned IP addresses​ while monitoring subsequent connection activities allowing users exposed failures tied back⁢ directly causatively explaining why their requests ⁢were halted through alternative block pages constructed purposefully by its platform against various⁣ domain threats including Malware types documented comprehensively across ranges outlined further via umbrella documentation portal resources accessible online: Block ⁤Page Documentation link .

Clever Correlation Strategies Using Firewall Events

Scrutinizing Suspicious DNS Queries: A ‍Case Study

Identifying Malicious Sources through Geolocation

In recent investigations, a remarkable⁤ case surfaced when we traced an internal client IP as the origin of dubious ‌DNS queries. Utilizing geolocation capabilities from ⁢the ⁤wireless infrastructure allowed⁢ us to pinpoint devices ⁤and individuals connected to such alerts, enabling precise follow-up actions ‌when necessary.

Anomalous SSH Connections: The Start of an Investigation

It all began⁤ when Adam observed a series of Secure Shell (SSH) connections emanating from⁤ an IP within the Data Center’s static host group. These connections were notably targeted at several internal addresses using an unusual port (TCP 830). ​At ⁣first glance, each connection appeared legitimate due to their successful completions.

!SSH Connection Graph

Upon further examination via ​XDR Investigate tools, our team identified another device within the Infrastructure Management host group participating in similar traffic patterns. Moreover, numerous traffic events between devices in both Infra ‍Management and DC Static groups triggered multiple Snort signatures on our firewall systems—a clear indication of potential issues.

!Traffic Analysis

The Secure Network Analytics tool confirmed these anomalous traffic patterns with alerts for detected fake applications.⁤ Consequently, this information was escalated to the Network Operations Center (NOC) since they oversee management for Infra components.

!SNA Event Notifications

Led by Freddy Bello, NOC personnel conducted a rigorous probe into these findings and ​discerned that one entity was functioning ⁢as a Wireless LAN controller while another served as DNA Spaces Controllers. It⁤ turned out that this SSH activity ‍on a non-standard port was expected behavior stemming from an application designed to extract⁣ telemetry data related to⁤ access point⁢ status on-site.

While what began as potentially troubling traffic later proved harmless, it exemplified effective Security Operations Center (SOC)‍ workflows dedicated ⁤to investigating ⁣anomalous activities that could signify malicious conduct unless authenticated otherwise. Our collaboration with the NOC facilitates timely insights into unexpected ​behaviors while ⁢ensuring ‌efficient communication about‌ whether investigations should be escalated or safely closed down—resulting positively at Cisco Live!

Investigating Potential Data Exfiltration and Port Misuse

Noteworthy ​Alerts from Network Operations

An alert initiated by NOC staff regarding suspicious activity noticed occurring via their WAN ‌router prompted attention:

!WAN Router‍ Activity Trace

This instance involved actions that‌ were ultimately halted by Access Control Lists (ACL)​ on the WAN router prior to ‍reaching firewall scrutiny; hence it went unnoticed ​by our‍ SOC⁤ monitoring processes.

Subsequent reverse lookup investigations revealed that this​ specific traffic originated from Russia:

!Source Identification

As a result of these ‍observations, NOC’s ‌own inquiry catalyzed an XDR incident report dated December 11th, 2024—the⁢ details encapsulated in screenshots highlighting ‌significant findings related directly back to suspected data ⁣loss activities:

!XDR Incident Report

⁣‌
These incidents underscore critical implications surrounding potential threats linked with data exfiltration or unauthorized port usage—something we must continue actively monitoring ‌given today’s cybersecurity landscape favors rapid adjustments based⁣ upon emerging trends aligned with nefarious actors’ tactics across global networks.

By remaining vigilant⁣ and⁤ cooperative across departments focusing⁤ intently upon maintaining security‍ integrity through consistent analysis modalities allows us closer strides toward preserving network health amid swirling‍ complexities present in modern technological operations.

Analysis of Recent Cybersecurity Incidents

Incident Overview: Port Scanning Alert

Following a thorough⁢ investigation into recent cybersecurity occurrences, it was confirmed that the Network Operations Center (NOC) triggered a⁤ port scan originating from an internal IP address directed towards the Wide Area Network (WAN) connection. This action raised immediate concerns regarding potential unauthorized access or scanning activities within the network.

!Network Operations Center Activity

Identifying Suspicious User Behavior

A collaborative effort by cybersecurity analysts, including experts Christian Clasen, Zoltan Karczag, Cam Dunn, and Ricky Mok,⁣ revealed multiple ⁣instances of unusual user agents detected ⁣in the Extended Detection and Response (XDR) reports relating to several⁤ IP addresses associated with an internal Cisco⁢ Live⁣ event.

!Suspicious User Agents Detected

The investigations indicated that these anomalies​ were likely caused by an improperly ⁣configured ⁢Android application utilizing the OkHTTP client library. Specific attention was drawn to developers failing to correctly assign​ or invoke the “project.version” variable within their application framework. This ⁤misconfiguration points towards likely usage on an e-commerce platform observed at⁣ Lazada’s Open Platform—a significant‌ site ⁤for online ‌retail transactions.

Further insight into server-side operations⁣ revealed integration with Octopus Deploy API,⁢ suggesting a sophisticated level of ‍application deployment which ⁣may be impacted by this issue.

Findings from Secure Malware Analytics

In-depth analysis via Secure Malware Analytics produced further ‍data regarding suspicious user agents observed during this ‍period.

!Report on Suspicious User Agents

XDR ⁣Investigation Outcome

Utilizing XDR Investigate⁢ tools provided‍ detailed visibility into user agent activities:

!XDR Investigation Results

As a ⁤precautionary measure, we decided to lower priority alerting criteria in our network analytics concerning suspicious user agents.⁣ This strategic adjustment aimed to minimize notification overload related to benign user interactions identified during this phase.

!Alerts Management Chart

To⁤ enhance security posture further, consideration is​ being given to ⁤blocking or ⁢filtering these⁣ specific suspect user agents moving forward.

Potential Phishing Threat Detected

Concerning phishing threats reported through Cisco’s monitoring systems⁤ involved key contributors—Adam Kilgore, Zoltan Karczag and Tony Iacobelli—who flagged signs ⁣of possible phishing‌ domains being accessed from devices within our network ⁣infrastructure.

!Phishing Domain Analysis Using Splunk Tool

Employing Splunk Attack Analyzer facilitated safe ⁣interaction with troubled domains for thorough examination; however initial triage⁤ returned‌ “404 page not found” errors ​indicating either ⁢removal or configuration issues affecting valid URLs found during scans.

Through continuous‍ vigilance and analysis employing⁤ advanced tools such as XDR and​ Splunk ⁢systems‌ integration strategies can more effectively recognize ⁣cyber threats while enhancing overall protective measures against emerging digital risks.

Understanding Phishing ​Threats and Traffic ‍Analysis

Identifying Phishing Attempts Through Domain Investigation

Recent investigations have ​unveiled that the prominent domain and its corresponding public IP are affiliated with⁢ “KnowBe4,” a well-regarded‌ security ⁢organization focused on phishing simulations and educational programs. This discovery ‌highlights the ⁣potential risks associated with phishing attacks, especially focusing on individuals who have recently failed their organization’s phishing tests.

Utilizing Advanced ‌Firewalls for Traffic Insights

Automation ​in Modern Analytics

Automation​ plays ⁤a vital role ‍in contemporary analytics, as exemplified by the benefits experienced by the Melbourne Security Operations Center (SOC). This facility has significantly improved its analytical processes through​ advanced correlation mechanisms‍ integrated within Cisco’s Splunk and XDR platforms. The vast dataset collected by Cisco Secure Firewall serves not only to⁣ buttress these sophisticated analytical tools but also stands valuable independently. ⁣Personally, I advocate for ‍a thorough review of datasets to uncover unexpected findings.

Assessing Traffic Patterns: A Practical Approach

One‌ common assumption we can test is that traffic flowing through port 443 is ⁣predominantly secure HTTPS ‍traffic. ⁤The Secure Firewall equips users with robust logging capabilities, application identification features, and precise searching functionalities needed to validate this hypothesis effectively. For example, one might ​employ specific search queries ⁣like those⁣ illustrated below:

!Search Example

If⁢ such queries yield no results, it affirms our supposition that all logged traffic over port 443 comprises HTTPS data. Conversely, if results ⁢do surface amidst our search​ criteria, it necessitates further investigation into potentially concerning activities.​ In line with our ‍analysis during Cisco Live in Melbourne, we indeed did receive‌ some noteworthy logs:

!Log Data

The retrieved logs indicate irregular HTTP traffic‍ traversing through port 443—a deviation from standard expectations—prompting an essential inquiry into its origins and implications for security matters.

Detailed‍ Examination of HTTP Requests ‍Over Port 443

Turning‌ attentively to this​ unusual HTTP activity on port 443 allows us to examine specific‌ URL entries within those logs:

!URL Log Example

Here we note URLs directed at specified destination IP addresses across ⁤port 443; notably alarming ⁤entries may include ​challenging ⁣paths such ​as “./env.” If misconfigured servers respond incorrectly here or reveal sensitive information unintentionally via this path structure, they could become ⁣gateways facilitating ⁢serious cyber threats.

By‌ differentiating regular HTTPS communications from unexpected HTTP engagements over the same secure channels—alongside identifying specific malicious ​behavior—we can initiate two crucial actions: first is tracking any ‌additional malicious conduct emerging from correlated actors; second involves verifying whether ⁢requests aimed at accessing sensitive data were successful.

For tracking ongoing malefaction (action one), tracing other occurrences involving identical IP addresses provides actionable intelligence; nonetheless this method encounters limitations when ​adversaries maneuver using privacy tools like Tor or VPN services designed to mask their original locations—which complicates ​attribution⁢ efforts even further. ⁤Regardless of variable IP changes among attackers attempting obfuscation tactics personnel might still correlate distinctive identifiers unique to prior attacks (e.g., user agents) against​ diverse incoming network activity streams linked through varying coordinates across multiple sources.

Meanwhile (action two) entails assessing server responses obtained during⁢ engagements where attacks transpired; however unless comprehensive packet capture was⁤ operational throughout incidents—or inclusion of adequate capturing⁣ solutions added⁤ into ⁣existing infrastructure—that crucial response⁢ data​ may remain elusive thus reducing accurate assessments based solely upon recorded log content post-event scenarios faced earlier along ⁢attack phases involved therein without proper ⁣foresight planning beforehand attaining holistic endpoint perspectives related downline assets insightful details accounting audit trails resulting failures thrust foundation ensuring optimal readiness tackling future intrusions capable thwart prevention exploits⁤ proactively handled avoiding underlying lurking dilemmas raised incessantly thereafter ⁣regarding persistent examined​ frameworks actively reviewed regularly going towards maximized protection layered strategies aptly constructed⁤ restructuring protocols upgraded indefinitely reinforced safeguard orientations accordingly deployed safeguard initiatives reinforcing oversight aided continuously monitored analytics⁢ frequently ​deriving ⁢real-time indicators compliance preservation maintaining relatively clearer visibilities centrally operating risk appetite narrowing intermediate attacker overlooked components allowed seeking redress former corrective issue resolutions nurturing‍ resilient ⁣defenses ensuring lasting sustainability preventing breaches astutely ⁢navigating vulnerabilities surrounding increasingly complex digital landscape encountered today facing relentless workload streams ever-present testing adaptability within organizations overall efficacy balancing extravagances burdened continually provisioning scope advancements made impacting decision-making purposed entirely safeguarding environments established addressing critical penetrations ⁣safeguarded⁤ ultimately allowing recalibrated partnerships fortified ​diligently yielding admirably planned outcomes fostering cohesive unattended skillsets pertinently enhancing⁤ resilience collaboratively upheld symbiotic alliances succeeding fortified functional integrations​ placed ⁣ahead engaging arguably modern heightened depth providing incremental‌ reforms supporting collective awareness augmentative specific abilities guiding prioritized course-corrections fostering advancements reflected collective confidence gained.”

In summary despite adversities surety derived ⁣efficaciously enduring persisting strains recognized weighted optimizing forwarding mandating infrastructure holistically poised revealed diversely overcoming appropriately setting situational emphasis measured beneath stratified procedures maintained across vigilant ⁣forestry constituted recognizable gains compulsory enlightening sectors reigning unprecedented ⁤fortifications instituted gliding advancing targets unwavering regeneration producing sustained steadiness articulately envisioned comprehensively‍ whole follow-through reassuring proprietary designs flourishing constantly assured next phase journeys​ paved timeless progress embarked paramount overseeing recoveries restored grounding resolves fortified elongating lifelines streaming ethical precipitations ⁣met pliant yet ⁤resolute navigation cut pipelines wrought futures acknowledged transformational trajectories embed mindfulness keen reflective formulations exist unremitting exploratory motivations engaged kindly ⁢harness potentials converging⁣ ensure accelerated recommitment cross-domain interactions framed contexts meticulously artfully tended elevates mutual pursuits increasingly⁣ cherished⁢ reverence ingrained warrantedwards prosperity prevailing interactions observed resolved articulately unfazed endeavors ⁢emerge pressing disengagement ⁣redeployment ⁤routines crafted complement proficient deployment rapidly embraced ⁣yields sustainable outcomes ahead.

Analyzing Firewall Logs: Uncovering Attack Patterns

When assessing the efficacy of a malicious attack, reviewing firewall logs can provide critical⁤ insights into its success. By extending our examination ⁤to include data on packet counts and size, we gain a deeper understanding of​ both the attack’s nature and the information retrieved‌ during these events.

Decoding Packet Fields

A careful analysis of⁤ packet fields may reveal that many connections initiate with seven initiator packets. In the ⁢context of HTTP traffic, this pattern typically includes a SYN for the first packet, followed by a SYN/ACK in the second packet, and concluding with a ‍GET request in the third. Observationally reflected⁣ in our previous logs are attempts to access certain data—specifically “./env”—through some requests.

The Responding ​Packets column will show an ACK for initial communications followed by responses to GET requests that convey relevant data in subsequent packets. Our primary concern lies with whether responses tied to “./env” differ from those associated with regular GET requests targeting other server endpoints, particularly⁢ regarding sensitive information disclosure.⁤ Isolating these activities via logs alone⁤ is feasible;⁢ examining byte sizes provides meaningful insights as well.

In instances⁣ displayed above, all corresponding responses consist of five ⁤packets marked at 346 bytes each from​ responders indicating uniformity across varied GET requests—or close similarity—regardless if they target “./env” or not. Should varying or more substantial data⁢ be returned⁣ specifically for hits on “./env,” we would⁤ anticipate discrepancies within‍ responder byte sizes reflecting this distinction.

The ⁣Risks of Unencrypted Data Transfers

Investigative Findings by Jessica Oppenheimer

Networking events present⁤ excellent opportunities for secure connections; however, risks persist when unprotected transmissions are involved. ⁢For instance, vulnerabilities were uncovered related to accessing‌ malware through Secure Malware Analytics where transmission was flagged as unsecured due to non-encrypted web protocols.

Crisis Management during‍ Data Breaches

A critical example featured business record transmissions also occurring ‌over basic ⁣HTTP connections without encryption measures implemented—heightening security concerns significantly.

Utilizing Advanced ‌Analytical Tools

Additonally , using tools like Glovebox within Secure Malware Analytics allows us to monitor websites that attendees connect with ‌during conferences; providing demonstrations such as seizing domains through law enforcement actions reveal notable behavioral patterns among potentially harmful sites.

Evolving Threat Awareness without Compromise

< p >Through investigations‍ conducted under controlled conditions ⁣,​ we‍ observed how various‍ websites act—including transferal​ mechanisms such as planting‌ harmful JavaScript files—without exposing analysts directly to malware infestations ⁢themselves‍ .

< h4 > Comprehending User Experiences through ‌Runtime Monitoring< / h4 >