Understanding IP Ratings: IP67, IP68, and IP69K Explained
The acronyms IP67, IP68, and now even the more robust IP69K often raise questions about their meanings and relevance to the durability of smartphones. This article delves into what these ratings signify in terms of your device’s resilience against water and dust exposure.
The Rise of Ingress Protection Standards
Originally seen predominantly in rugged devices, Ingress Protection (IP) certifications are now commonplace among flagship smartphones as well as select mid-range models. The term “Ingress Protection” indicates the effectiveness of a device against water intrusion and dust penetration.
An example is the OnePlus 13 which boasts an impressive rating of IP69—a testament to its ability to withstand high-pressure hot water streams.
The Framework Behind Water and Dust Resistance Ratings
The criteria for evaluating these protection levels originate from standard IEC 60529. Over time, additional specific standards have been integrated to cater to unique scenarios—one notable extension being the IPx9 rating. Initially created for vehicles subjected to frequent high-pressure washing, this standard emphasizes robustness against severe environmental conditions.
Within IEC 60529 exists comprehensive outlines detailing both testing methodologies required for certification and criteria defining each level of protection. It’s essential to keep in mind that while manufacturers provide these ratings for mobile devices voluntarily, they aren’t necessarily validated by independent entities.
Diving Deeper into The Two-Digit System
An important aspect of the IP code is its numerical format: it consists of two digits where the first represents solid object defense—such as dust—and the second signifies water resistance capabilities. Generally speaking, higher numbers correlate with superior protection levels:
First Digit: Solid Object Protection Levels
- X – No data available
- 0 – No protection whatsoever
- 1 – Shields against objects larger than 50 mm³
- 2 – Guards against objects over 12 mm³ in size
- 3 – Defends against items greater than 2.5 mm³
- 4 – Protective barrier for particles exceeding 1 mm³
- 5 – Provides limited ingress prevention from dust particles without causing damage
- 6 – Total defense from any conceivable dust intrusion
Second Digit: Water Resistance Criteria
- X – No data available
- 0 – Completely vulnerable to water entry
- 1 – Safeguarded from vertically falling droplets (like condensation)
- 2 – Can handle direct sprays when tilted at a slight angle (15°)
- 3 – Effectively resists splashes at angles up to [60°]
- 4 – Minor ingress allowed; can withstand sprays from any direction.
- 5 – Fortified defenses hold up under jets directed from all sides… minor allowances made.
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